DCW Limited
NSE: DCWPetrochemicals
Share price
₹44.19
-0.25% close of 9 Oct 2026
Price-based ratios (P/B, dividend yield, EV/EBITDA) are as of 6 Oct 2026, the close above is 9 Oct 2026.
Business score
How strong the business is, in one number. The parts behind it are in Pro.
55
out of 100 · worked out 9 Oct 2026
Your ratios
The numbers you want to see first. Tap Edit to change them.
Market cap
₹1,304 Cr
P/E ratio
18.1
P/B ratio
1.2
ROCE
9.9%
ROE
4.6%
Dividend yield
0.7%
Price & valuation chart
How the share price and its valuation have moved. Hover over the chart to see any day. Prices as of the last close.
Answers
Simple answers to the questions investors ask most, from the company's own numbers.
How fast it has been growing
Sales grew 11.8% over the past year, and 5.9% a year over its longer record. Meanwhile what it keeps of every 100 rupees of sales slipped from 14.3% to 9.2% over the last four years.
Whether it grew faster than its sector
It grew 5.9% a year against a sector median of 10.2% — 4.3 percentage points slower.
Room to re-rate, or risk of de-rating
At 18.1× earnings against a market that pays 24.1× across 2199 companies we can price. Its own industry sits at 15.6×, across 5 companies. It is against its own five-year median of 28.1×, the 36th percentile of its own range.
Whether growth justifies the valuation
Its earnings are falling, so growth cannot justify the price.
| Profit growth | Price per ₹1 profit | Per 1% growth | |
|---|---|---|---|
| DCW Limited — this one | -32%/yr | 18.1× | — |
| Supreme Petrochem Limited | — | 30.5× | — |
| SWAN CORP LIMITED | 86%/yr | 36.2× | ₹0.42 |
| Rain Industries Limited | -69%/yr | 13.4× | — |
| Bhansali Engineering Polymers Limited | 10%/yr | 15.6× | ₹1.6 |
| Manali Petrochemicals Limited | 1%/yr | 12.4× | ₹12.4 |
Compared with companies filed under the same label. That grouping comes from the exchange's filing category, so some of them may not be real rivals.
How it compares with its peers
Against companies the exchange files under the same label (Petrochemicals), it ranks 6 of 10 on returns, 8 of 10 on growth, 5 of 10 on margin. That grouping comes from the exchange's filing category, so some of them may not be real rivals.
What makes it hard to beat — and is that still true?
No durable advantage shows in the numbers: it earns 9.9% on capital, ahead of 40% of companies filed under the same label. That grouping comes from the exchange's filing category, so some of them may not be real rivals.
Whether its growth pays for itself
Yes — Over the last five years it made ₹1125 crore of cash from the business, spent ₹379 crore on plant and equipment, and returned ₹783 crore to lenders and shareholders. And the profit is real: of every 100 rupees it reported over 12 years, about 601 arrived as cash — well above the profit; depreciation and interest are the reason, not a windfall. Its cash comes back faster than it used to: it went from being paid 15 days before it paid its own suppliers to paid 34 days before it paid its own suppliers.
Profit reality check
Is the profit real cash? Simple checks on the accounts. Facts only, not advice.
10 of 10 checks clear · 100%
Latest result · Q1 FY27
What the last results showed. Whether management kept its word is in Pro.
Pre-tax profit was almost nil after PVC losses, and the ₹35 crore net profit came from a one-off tax credit.
Announced 13 Aug 2026 · Standalone · Unaudited
Revenue
₹542 Cr
Net profit
₹35 Cr
Net margin
6.4%
EPS
₹1.17
Earnings call transcript · 14 Aug 2026
Checklist before you investPRO
Points for and against, in one list.
Key numbers & peers
The main numbers grouped by topic, and how the company compares with similar ones.
Price
- Market cap
- ₹1,304 Cr
- Prev close
- ₹44.19
- 52w High
- ₹72.3
- 52w Low
- ₹37.1
- Enterprise value
- ₹1,389 Cr
- Beta
- 1.7
- Price CAGR 1y
- -33.0%
- Price CAGR 3y
- -6.0%
- Price CAGR 5y
- -3.0%
- Price CAGR 10y
- 3.0%
Ratios
- Return on assets
- 2.3%
- PEG ratio
- -0.6
- P/E ratio
- 18.1
- P/B ratio
- 1.2
- EV / EBITDA
- 6.8
- Industry P/E
- 13.6
- ROCE
- 9.9%
- ROCE 5y average
- 13.6%
- ROE
- 4.6%
- Debt / Equity
- 0.3
- Interest coverage
- 2.2
- Dividend yield
- 0.7%
- ROE 3y average
- 3.0%
- ROE last year
- 5.0%
Annual P&L
- Annual revenue
- ₹2,144 Cr
- Annual profit
- ₹48 Cr
- Operating margin
- 11.0%
- Net profit margin
- 2.2%
- EBITDA margin
- 10.5%
- Sales growth 3y
- -6.6%
- Sales growth 5y
- 7.9%
- Profit growth 3y
- -32.0%
- Profit growth 5y
- 67.0%
- EPS
- ₹1.6
- Sales growth TTM
- 12.0%
- Profit growth TTM
- 105.0%
- Dividend payout
- 0.0%
Quarter P&L
- Sales latest quarter
- ₹542 Cr
- Profit latest quarter
- ₹35 Cr
- YoY quarterly sales growth
- 14.0%
- YoY quarterly profit growth
- 218.2%
- OPM latest quarter
- 6.6%
Balance Sheet
- Book Value
- ₹36.4
- Face Value
- ₹2.0
- Total debt
- ₹290 Cr
- Total cash
- ₹204 Cr
- Borrowings
- ₹290 Cr
- Reserves / Equity
- 17.2
Cash Flow
- Operating cash flow
- ₹278 Cr
- Free cash flow
- ₹187 Cr
- FCF yield
- 9.6%
- Net cash flow
- -₹7 Cr
Shareholding
- Promoter holding
- 45.6%
- FII holding
- 6.1%
- DII holding
- 0.1%
- Public holding
- 48.3%
Peer comparison
| Company | Price ₹ | P/E | Mkt cap ₹ Cr | Div yield % | Profit qtr ₹ Cr | Profit var % | Sales qtr ₹ Cr | Sales var % | ROCE % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Supreme Petroch. | 819.60 | 31.5 | 15,432 | 1.28 | 236.3 | 192.1 | 1,692.7 | 22.1 | 18.8 |
| Swan Corp | 268.85 | 37.7 | 8,430 | 0.06 | -36.0 | -264.2 | 1,013.8 | -16.4 | -0.6 |
| Rain Industries | 212.63 | 13.3 | 7,118 | 0.47 | 341.0 | 388.0 | 5,167.2 | 17.4 | 8.3 |
| Bhansali Engg. | 128.63 | 16.0 | 3,201 | 3.11 | 65.6 | 43.0 | 472.2 | 53.3 | 23.8 |
| Manali Petrochem | 92.36 | 13.3 | 1,585 | 0.54 | 64.4 | 348.8 | 274.7 | 17.1 | 7.3 |
| DCW | 46.37 | 19.2 | 1,369 | 0.65 | 34.6 | 203.3 | 541.9 | 14.0 | 9.9 |
| T N Petro Prod. | 126.03 | 8.3 | 1,134 | 1.19 | 80.1 | 126.0 | 780.2 | 68.5 | 10.9 |
| Median | 128.63 | 14.5 | 1,134 | 0.54 | 27.4 | 159.0 | 472.2 | 15.5 | 18.8 |
Competes with: Agarwal Industrial Corporation Limited, Bhansali Engineering Polymers Limited, Kothari Petrochemicals Limited, Manali Petrochemicals Limited, Pasupati Acrylon Limited, Rain Industries Limited, SWAN CORP LIMITED, Supreme Petrochem Limited, Tamilnadu PetroProducts Limited
Quarterly results
Sales and profit for each of the last 13 quarters. Newest on the right. ₹ crore.
| Line item | Jun 2023 | Sep 2023 | Dec 2023 | Mar 2024 | Jun 2024 | Sep 2024 | Dec 2024 | Mar 2025 | Jun 2025 | Sep 2025 | Dec 2025 | Mar 2026 | Jun 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sales | 438 | 414 | 398 | 622 | 500 | 489 | 474 | 538 | 476 | 539 | 520 | 609 | 542 |
| Expenses | 387 | 373 | 378 | 558 | 454 | 453 | 417 | 482 | 422 | 481 | 475 | 544 | 506 |
| Material Cost | 264 | 260 | 269 | 264 | 273 | 335 | |||||||
| Change in Inventories | 56 | -20 | 25 | 33 | 69 | -24 | |||||||
| Purchases of Stock-in-Trade | 0.24 | 0.23 | 0.29 | 0.21 | 0.00 | 0 | |||||||
| Employee Cost | 31 | 46 | 43 | 41 | 52 | 41 | |||||||
| Other Expenses | 131 | 135 | 144 | 136 | 150 | 153 | |||||||
| Operating Profit | 51 | 42 | 19 | 63 | 45 | 35 | 57 | 56 | 54 | 58 | 45 | 65 | 36 |
| OPM % | 12 | 10 | 4.88 | 10 | 9.04 | 7.25 | 12 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 8.70 | 11 | 6.60 |
| Other Income | 4 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 |
| Exceptional items (within Other Income) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
| Interest | 17 | 19 | 18 | 20 | 17 | 18 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 15 |
| Depreciation | 23 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 |
| Profit before tax | 15 | 4 | -19 | 25 | 10 | -2 | 20 | 21 | 18 | 21 | 8 | 28 | 0 |
| Tax % | 35 | 41 | -35 | 38 | 34 | -30 | 34 | 45 | 36 | 34 | 35 | 36 | -9,497 |
| Net Profit | 10 | 3 | -12 | 15 | 7 | -1 | 13 | 11 | 11 | 14 | 5 | 18 | 35 |
| EPS in Rs | 0.34 | 0.09 | -0.42 | 0.52 | 0.23 | -0.04 | 0.45 | 0.38 | 0.39 | 0.47 | 0.17 | 0.61 | 1.17 |
| Diluted EPS in Rs | 0.39 | 0.39 | 0.47 | 0.17 | 0.61 | 1.17 |
Profit & loss
Yearly sales, costs and profit for 12 years, plus the last 12 months (TTM). ₹ crore.
| Line item | Mar 2015 | Mar 2016 | Mar 2017 | Mar 2018 | Mar 2019 | Mar 2020 | Mar 2021 | Mar 2022 | Mar 2023 | Mar 2024 | Mar 2025 | Mar 2026 | TTM |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sales | 1,253 | 1,263 | 1,176 | 1,187 | 1,353 | 1,277 | 1,464 | 2,455 | 2,634 | 1,872 | 2,000 | 2,144 | 2,210 |
| Expenses | 1,187 | 1,113 | 1,029 | 1,061 | 1,190 | 1,130 | 1,255 | 2,127 | 2,205 | 1,695 | 1,807 | 1,918 | 2,006 |
| Material Cost | 1,109 | 1,066 | |||||||||||
| Change in Inventories | -39 | 107 | |||||||||||
| Purchases of Stock-in-Trade | 18 | 0.73 | |||||||||||
| Employee Cost | 161 | 182 | |||||||||||
| Other Expenses | 558 | 566 | |||||||||||
| Operating Profit | 66 | 150 | 147 | 126 | 163 | 147 | 209 | 328 | 429 | 177 | 194 | 225 | 204 |
| OPM % | 5 | 12 | 13 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 14 | 13 | 16 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 9 |
| Other Income | -0 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 8 | 11 | 17 | 61 | 16 | 23 | 15 | 21 |
| Exceptional items (within Other Income) | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||
| Interest | 19 | 58 | 57 | 93 | 104 | 107 | 120 | 113 | 126 | 74 | 67 | 62 | 62 |
| Depreciation | 52 | 69 | 68 | 88 | 83 | 87 | 87 | 89 | 90 | 94 | 100 | 104 | 105 |
| Profit before tax | -5 | 27 | 25 | -49 | -22 | -40 | 14 | 143 | 274 | 25 | 49 | 75 | 57 |
| Tax % | 24 | 36 | 19 | -59 | -80 | -33 | 72 | 25 | 30 | 38 | 39 | 35 | |
| Net Profit | -6 | 17 | 20 | -20 | -4 | -27 | 4 | 108 | 192 | 16 | 30 | 48 | 71 |
| EPS in Rs | -0.28 | 0.78 | 0.92 | -0.91 | -0.19 | -1.03 | 0.15 | 4.12 | 6.50 | 0.53 | 1.02 | 1.63 | 2.42 |
| Diluted EPS in Rs | 1.03 | 1.63 | |||||||||||
| Dividend Payout % | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 8 | 0 | 10 | 0 |
Compounded growth
Average yearly growth over different spans, as stored. A span can cross a demerger or an acquisition.
Compounded sales growth
- 10 years
- 5%
- 5 years
- 8%
- 3 years
- -7%
- TTM
- 12%
Compounded profit growth
- 10 years
- 11%
- 5 years
- 67%
- 3 years
- -32%
- TTM
- 105%
Stock price CAGR
- 10 years
- 3%
- 5 years
- -3%
- 3 years
- -6%
- 1 year
- -33%
Return on equity
- 10 years
- 4%
- 5 years
- 7%
- 3 years
- 3%
- Last year
- 5%
Balance sheet
What the company owns and what it owes, at the end of each year. ₹ crore.
| Line item | Mar 2015 | Mar 2016 | Mar 2017 | Mar 2018 | Mar 2019 | Mar 2020 | Mar 2021 | Mar 2022 | Mar 2023 | Mar 2024 | Mar 2025 | Mar 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity Capital | 43 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 59 |
| Reserves | 517 | 591 | 611 | 591 | 587 | 626 | 635 | 750 | 966 | 973 | 974 | 1,016 |
| Borrowings | 780 | 847 | 770 | 814 | 683 | 605 | 624 | 556 | 508 | 439 | 427 | 290 |
| Other Liabilities | 507 | 481 | 528 | 455 | 504 | 550 | 564 | 546 | 530 | 618 | 718 | 724 |
| Total Liabilities | 1,847 | 1,963 | 1,952 | 1,904 | 1,819 | 1,834 | 1,875 | 1,903 | 2,063 | 2,089 | 2,178 | 2,089 |
| Fixed Assets | 635 | 1,260 | 1,531 | 1,471 | 1,534 | 1,467 | 1,407 | 1,352 | 1,296 | 1,312 | 1,270 | 1,304 |
| CWIP | 849 | 367 | 122 | 124 | 7 | 12 | 4 | 8 | 60 | 41 | 56 | 22 |
| Investments | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 27 | 20 |
| Other Assets | 363 | 336 | 299 | 309 | 278 | 354 | 464 | 543 | 708 | 716 | 825 | 744 |
| Total Assets | 1,847 | 1,963 | 1,952 | 1,904 | 1,819 | 1,834 | 1,875 | 1,903 | 2,063 | 2,089 | 2,178 | 2,089 |
Cash flows
Real money coming in and going out each year — from the business, from investments and from loans. ₹ crore.
| Line item | Mar 2015 | Mar 2016 | Mar 2017 | Mar 2018 | Mar 2019 | Mar 2020 | Mar 2021 | Mar 2022 | Mar 2023 | Mar 2024 | Mar 2025 | Mar 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cash from Operating Activity | 69 | 123 | 223 | 57 | 285 | 170 | 218 | 178 | 226 | 252 | 191 | 278 |
| Cash from Investing Activity | -87 | -100 | -95 | -13 | -45 | -43 | -78 | 52 | -165 | -99 | -112 | -63 |
| Cash from Financing Activity | 19 | -23 | -128 | -44 | -241 | -119 | -99 | -192 | -139 | -153 | -78 | -221 |
| Net Cash Flow | 1 | -1 | -0 | 0 | -0 | 8 | 41 | 38 | -78 | 1 | 1 | -7 |
| Free Cash Flow | -20 | 22 | 126 | 37 | 255 | 154 | 200 | 141 | 140 | 162 | 116 | 187 |
Ratios
How fast customers pay, how long stock sits, and how well capital earns — year by year.
| Line item | Mar 2015 | Mar 2016 | Mar 2017 | Mar 2018 | Mar 2019 | Mar 2020 | Mar 2021 | Mar 2022 | Mar 2023 | Mar 2024 | Mar 2025 | Mar 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Debtor Days | 28 | 34 | 25 | 26 | 20 | 21 | 24 | 17 | 18 | 22 | 18 | 24 |
| Inventory Days | 87 | 100 | 83 | 96 | 66 | 102 | 82 | 63 | 97 | 139 | 143 | 96 |
| Days Payable | 155 | 137 | 167 | 106 | 149 | 186 | 144 | 76 | 78 | 125 | 129 | 122 |
| Cash Conversion Cycle | -40 | -3 | -59 | 16 | -63 | -63 | -38 | 5 | 38 | 37 | 32 | -1 |
| Working Capital Days | -70 | -85 | -115 | -116 | -126 | -89 | -63 | -15 | 3 | -18 | -30 | -34 |
| ROCE % | 1 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 10 | 18 | 25 | 7 | 8 | 10 |
Price trend
The price as a Renko brick chart: small moves drop out so the bigger path stands out.
Every brick is the same size, about one typical day's move. A new brick needs a full brick's move; turning the other way needs two. Bricks show where the price went, not where it will go.
Open interestPRO
Where option traders are positioned on this stock.
Industry numbers
The numbers that matter most in this industry, from the company's own filings.
1 when an audit qualification is filed as repetitive
0.00flag
2026-03-31
the company's own unlisted debt securities in default at period end
0.00cr
2026-06-30
exports as % of revenue
28.00
the company's own loans / revolving facilities in default at period end (standalone filing)
0.00cr
2026-06-30
net debt from the filed balance sheet at the newest year end: Borrowings − Cash Equivalents − Investments (Current); negative = net cash
85.41inr_cr
2026-03-31
guarantees / comfort given for promoter, promoter group, directors and KMP
0.00cr
2026-03-31
loans outstanding to promoter, promoter group, directors and KMP (governance filing)
0.00cr
2026-03-31
security given for the borrowing of promoter, promoter group, directors and KMP
0.00cr
2026-03-31
FY revenue / permanent employees + workers, same basis (calc)
1,39,58,333inr
2026-03-31
News
News and filings about DCW Limited. Open one to see why it matters.
13 Aug, 18:05 IST · Company event · medium impact
Grasim Industries Limited — Commencement of commercial production of CPVC Resin Plant at Vilayat, Gujarat in collaboration with Lubrizol Advanced Materials India Private Limited
13 Aug, 18:05 IST · Company event · medium impact
DCW Limited is adding manufacturing capacity
Supply chain
Who it buys from, sells to and competes with — as recorded in our map of company links.
Competes with
Uses as raw material
- Ammonia
- Ilmenite ore
- Industrial salt (NaCl)
- Limestone
- Power / electricity
- Vinyl Chloride Monomer (VCM)
Depends on the price of
- caustic_soda
- soda_ash
Sells to
- Astral Limited · C-PVC resin (pipe grade) — DCW is India's sole domestic C-PVC producer
- Finolex Industries Limited · C-PVC resin (pipe grade)
- Prince Pipes And Fittings Limited · PVC / C-PVC resin (pipe grade)
- Supreme Industries Limited · PVC / C-PVC resin (pipe grade)
About
What the company is, from our own records: where it sits, where it makes things, and what it is made of.
- Sector
- Chemicals
- Industry
- Petrochemicals
- Classification
- Chemicals › Petrochemicals
- ISIN
- INE500A01029
Business segments
- Basic Chemicals · 72%
- Speciality Chemicals · 28%
- Others · 1%
Plants
- DCW Dhrangadhra Works
- DCW Sahupuram Works
News impact
Big market events that reach DCW Limited, and how the effect spreads.
5 Sept, 04:29 IST · Market event · high impact
Kenya's President Ruto orders Tata Chemicals to withdraw from the country over insufficient local value creation, putting its Magadi soda ash operation under a cease-operations directive
Kenya's president has told Tata Chemicals to leave the country and shut its soda ash plant there, saying it did not create enough local value - a blow to one of the company's overseas businesses, though the plant is a small part of the group.
Who it hits first
- Tata Chemicals must defend or wind down its Magadi soda ash operation in Kenya, with a realistic risk of writing down the Kenyan carrying value
- The Kenyan government says it will bring in replacement investors, which would transfer the asset rather than close it permanently
Who may gain
- GHCL and other soda ash producers, if Magadi volume leaves the market and global soda ash supply tightens
- Kenyan replacement investors the government says it intends to bring in
Along the supply chain
Downstream
Glass makers and detergent makers in East Africa and the Middle East that buy Magadi soda ash must find another supplier, which raises their landed cost; Indian flat-glass and container-glass makers face a firmer imported soda ash price as a result.
Upstream
Kenyan suppliers to Magadi - limestone and reagent vendors, power supply, rail and road haulage to Mombasa port - lose their orders immediately if the plant stops; there is no Indian upstream exposure because Magadi is a self-contained Kenyan operation.
Where demand moves
Business
Soda ash demand from glass makers and detergent makers does not change - what changes is who supplies it. If Magadi stops shipping, buyers in East Africa, the Middle East and India must source from other producers, and the natural substitutes are Indian synthetic soda ash from GHCL, Tata Chemicals' own Indian plants, and Turkish and US natural soda ash. Upstream, Magadi's limestone, power and freight suppliers in Kenya lose orders outright.
Capital
Money moves out of Tata Chemicals on overseas-asset risk and towards domestic soda ash exposure that gains from tighter supply; because Tata Chemicals is already at 0.75 times book value, the selling is limited, and the more interesting flow is fresh interest in GHCL as the clean domestic play.
How it spreads across sectors
Chemicals
soda ash pricing firms globally if Magadi volume is genuinely removed, helping domestic producers
Consumer Durables
glass makers and glass-intensive appliance makers face a firmer soda ash input price
Fast Moving Consumer Goods
detergent makers, for whom soda ash is a core input, see a modest cost increase
codex additions
When it plays out
Immediate
Tata Chemicals trades on headline risk while the ministry reviews the company's submissions; no operational change has happened yet.
Medium term
If Magadi is transferred to new investors, global soda ash supply is only briefly disrupted; if it is shut, the tightness is structural and benefits every other producer for several quarters.
Short term
Watch whether Kenya converts the directive into a formal licence revocation or settles for revised local-content commitments - that decides whether this is a write-down or a negotiation.
Dividends, splits & big trades
Money paid out, share splits and buybacks, and big buys or sells by funds and insiders.
Dividends
| 18 Sep 2026 | unspecified | ₹0.2 |
|---|---|---|
| 20 Feb 2026 | interim | ₹0.1 |
| 22 Sep 2025 | unspecified | ₹0.1 |
| 22 Sep 2023 | unspecified | ₹0.3 |
| 17 Feb 2023 | interim | ₹0.2 |
| 19 Sep 2022 | unspecified | ₹0.4 |
| 31 Jul 2014 | unspecified | ₹0.36 |
| 30 Aug 2013 | unspecified | ₹0.36 |
Splits, bonuses & buybacks
- daily-prices repair: 9 rows from NSE's archive (replace 1, delete 1, insert 7), 2016-10-30..2026-02-01 (docs/flat_day_repair.md)1× · 30 Oct 2016
Documents
Annual reports, results presentations and earnings calls, straight from the source.
- Earnings call · Q1FY2714 Aug 2026
- Results presentation30 Jun 2026
- Earnings call · Q4FY266 May 2026
- Earnings call · Q3FY2611 Feb 2026
- Annual report · 2024-255 Sep 2025
Facts from company filings and exchange data. Not investment advice: nothing here tells you to buy or sell.